Hands-on Guide to BigGAN with Python code – Analytics India Magazine

The paper’s fundamental premise is straightforward; scale-up GAN coaching to learn from bigger fashions and bigger batches. Although coaching a baseline SA-GAN structure on a bigger scale did result in important efficiency enchancment, it additionally made the fashions unstable. To cope with this subject, the authors launched two architectural adjustments and modified the regularization scheme. Not solely did these adjustments result in higher scalability and efficiency, however in addition they had a helpful facet impact. The new modified structure, BigGAN, grew to become vulnerable to the “truncation trick”, a sampling method that enables specific, fine-grained management of the trade-off between pattern constancy and selection. 

Architecture & Approach

BigGAN generator community

The BigGAN mannequin makes use of the ResNet GAN structure however with the channel sample within the discriminator community (D) modified in order that the variety of filters within the first convolutional layer of every block is the same as the variety of output filters. A single shared class embedding and skip connections for the latent vector z (skip-z) are used within the generator (G). Hierarchical latent areas are employed to separate the latent vector z alongside its channel dimension into chunks of equal measurement. Each chunk is concatenated to the shared class embedding and handed to a corresponding residual block as a conditioning vector. Each block’s conditioning is linearly projected to supply per-sample good points and biases for the block’s BatchNorm layers. The bias projections are zero-centered, whereas the acquire projections are centered at 1. 

Truncation Trick

Truncating a z vector by resampling the values with magnitude above a selected threshold results in enchancment in particular person pattern high quality at the price of a discount in total pattern selection. As IS doesn’t penalize lack of selection in class-conditional fashions, lowering the truncation threshold results in a direct improve in IS (analogous to precision). FID(Fréchet inception distance)  penalizes lack of selection (analogous to recall) and rewards precision, so initially, a reasonable enchancment in FID is seen, however as truncation approaches zero and selection diminishes, the FID sharply drops.

Sampling with totally different latents than these seen in coaching causes a problematic distribution shift for a lot of fashions. Some of the bigger BigGAN fashions should not amenable to truncation and produce saturation artifacts when fed truncated noise. To counteract this, amenability to truncation must be enforced by conditioning G to be clean in order that the total area of z will map to good output samples. Orthogonal Regularization is used for this conditioning of the generator community:

Here W is a weight matrix and β a hyperparameter. This is usually too limiting, so the authors explored a number of variants that relaxed the constraint whereas nonetheless imparting the specified smoothness. The greatest model removes the diagonal phrases from the regularization, and minimizes the pairwise cosine similarity between filters however doesn’t constrain their norm: 

Here 1 denotes a matrix with all components set to 1.

Synthesizing photos utilizing the BigGAN generator

Following code is a reference to the TensorFlow implementation of BigGAN accessible on TensorFlow hub.

See Also

1. Import essential library and courses

 # set all world behaviors to TensorFlow 1.x 
 import tensorflow.compat.v1 as tf
 tf.disable_v2_behavior()
 import os
 import io
 import IPython.show
 import numpy as np
 import PIL.Image
 from scipy.stats import truncnorm
 import tensorflow_hub as hub 

2. Load the 256×256 generator module from TensorFlow hub

 module_path="https://tfhub.dev/deepmind/biggan-deep-256/1"
 tf.reset_default_graph()
 print('Loading BigGAN module from:', module_path)
 module = hub.Module(module_path)
 inputs = ok: tf.placeholder(v.dtype, v.get_shape().as_list(), ok)
           for ok, v in module.get_input_info_dict().gadgets()
 output = module(inputs) 

3. Create helper capabilities for one-hot encoding labels, sampling, and displaying photos.

 input_z = inputs['z']
 input_y = inputs['y']
 input_trunc = inputs['truncation']
 dim_z = input_z.form.as_list()[1]
 vocab_size = input_y.form.as_list()[1]
 def truncated_z_sample(batch_size, truncation=1., seed=None):
   state = None if seed is None else np.random.RandomState(seed)
   values = truncnorm.rvs(-2, 2, measurement=(batch_size, dim_z), random_state=state)
   return truncation * values
 def one_hot(index, vocab_size=vocab_size):
   index = np.asarray(index)
   if len(index.form) == 0:
     index = np.asarray([index])
   assert len(index.form) == 1
   num = index.form[0]
   output = np.zeros((num, vocab_size), dtype=np.float32)
   output[np.arange(num), index] = 1
   return output
 def one_hot_if_needed(label, vocab_size=vocab_size):
   label = np.asarray(label)
   if len(label.form) <= 1:
     label = one_hot(label, vocab_size)
   assert len(label.form) == 2
   return label
 def pattern(sess, noise, label, truncation=1., batch_size=8,
            vocab_size=vocab_size):
   noise = np.asarray(noise)
   label = np.asarray(label)
   num = noise.form[0]
   if len(label.form) == 0:
     label = np.asarray([label] * num)
   label = one_hot_if_needed(label, vocab_size)
   ims = []
   for batch_start in vary(0, num, batch_size):
     s = slice(batch_start, min(num, batch_start + batch_size))
     feed_dict = input_z: noise[s], input_y: label[s], input_trunc: truncation
     ims.append(sess.run(output, feed_dict=feed_dict))
   ims = np.concatenate(ims, axis=0)
   assert ims.form[0] == num
   ims = np.clip(((ims + 1) / 2.0) * 256, 0, 255)
   ims = np.uint8(ims)
   return ims
 def imgrid(imarray, cols=5, pad=1):
   pad = int(pad)
   assert pad >= 0
   cols = int(cols)
   assert cols >= 1
   N, H, W, C = imarray.form
   rows = N // cols + int(N % cols != 0)
   batch_pad = rows * cols - N
   assert batch_pad >= 0
   post_pad = [batch_pad, pad, pad, 0]
   pad_arg = [[0, p] for p in post_pad]
   imarray = np.pad(imarray, pad_arg, 'fixed', constant_values=255)
   H += pad
   W += pad
   grid = (imarray
           .reshape(rows, cols, H, W, C)
           .transpose(0, 2, 1, 3, 4)
           .reshape(rows*H, cols*W, C))
   if pad:
     grid = grid[:-pad, :-pad]
   return grid
 def imshow(a, format="png", jpeg_fallback=True):
   a = np.asarray(a, dtype=np.uint8)
   knowledge = io.BytesIO()
   PIL.Image.fromarray(a).save(knowledge, format)
   im_data = knowledge.getvalue()
   strive:
     disp = IPython.show.show(IPython.show.Image(im_data))
   besides IOError:
     if jpeg_fallback and format != 'jpeg':
       print(('Warning: picture was too giant to show in format ""; '
              'attempting jpeg as an alternative.').format(format))
       return imshow(a, format="jpeg")
     else:
       elevate
   return disp 

4. Create a TensorFlow session, initialize variables and generate some photos utilizing the BigGAN.

 # create TensorFlow session and initialize variables
 initializer = tf.global_variables_initializer()
 sess = tf.Session()
 sess.run(initializer)
 # set noise seed, num of photos, truncation and class to be sampled
 num_samples = 10 
 truncation = 0.5 
 noise_seed = 0 
 class = "971) bubble" 
 z = truncated_z_sample(num_samples, truncation, noise_seed)
 y = int(class.cut up(')')[0])
 ims = pattern(sess, z, y, truncation=truncation)
 imshow(imgrid(ims, cols=min(num_samples, 5))) 

Colab Notebook of the above implementation.

Synthesizing photos from textual content prompts utilizing CLIP and BigGAN generator

The following code has been taken from the simplified BigSleep notebook created by Ryan Murdock by combining OpenAI’s CLIP and the generator from a BigGAN.

1. Install BigSleep

pip set up big-sleep --upgrade

2. Generate photos from textual content prompts 

 from tqdm.pocket book import trange
 from IPython.show import Image, show
 from big_sleep import Imagine
 TEXT = 'the other way up tree' 
 SAVE_EVERY = 100 
 SAVE_PROGRESS = True 
 LEARNING_RATE = 5e-2 
 ITERATIONS = 1000 
 SEED = 0 
 mannequin = Imagine(
     textual content = TEXT,
     save_every = SAVE_EVERY,
     lr = LEARNING_RATE,
     iterations = ITERATIONS,
     save_progress = SAVE_PROGRESS,
     seed = SEED
 )
 for epoch in trange(20, desc="epochs"):
     for i in trange(1000, desc="iteration"):
         mannequin.train_step(epoch, i)
         if i == Zero or i % mannequin.save_every != 0:
             proceed
         filename = TEXT.substitute(' ', '_')
         picture = Image(f'./filename.png')
         show(picture) 

References:

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